![]() In comparison with the the individual survival traits with few interactions and no compartmentalization ( Manning and Kuehn, 2013), a different group of bacteria has emerged with survival strategies similar to the eukaryotes ( Raymond and Bonsall, 2013 Spitzer and Poolman, 2013). The era of existence of prokaryotes, as autonomous structures has prevailed for a long time. Having multifaceted role, their emergence as a causative agent for a series of infectious diseases increases the probability for their exploitation in the development of effective diagnostic tools and as vaccines against diverse pathogenic species of Gram-negative origin. Playing diverse biological and pathophysiological functions, OMVs hold a great promise in enabling resurgence of bacterial diseases, in concomitance with the steep decline in the efficiency of antibiotics. Study of the OMV production under natural and diverse stress conditions has broadened the horizons, and also opened new frontiers in delineating the molecular machinery involved in disease pathogenesis. Composition of OMV, their ability to modulate host immune response, along with coordinated secretion of bacterial effector proteins, endows them with the armory, which can withstand hostile environments. Emergence of OMVs as distinct cellular entities helps bacteria in adaptating to diverse niches, in competing with other bacteria to protect members of producer species and more importantly play a crucial role in host-pathogen interaction. Enriched with bioactive proteins, toxins, and virulence factors, OMVs play a critical role in the bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. Reported in the consortia of different bacterial species, production of OMVs into extracellular milieu seems essential for their survival. Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are spherical membrane-enclosed entities of endocytic origin. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea. ![]()
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